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1 complex random process
English-russian dictionary of physics > complex random process
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2 process
nounпроцесс madaptive controlled discrete-time random process адаптивный управляемый случайный процесс с дискретным временемadapted random process адаптированный/согласованный случайный процессamplitude-modulated random process амплитудно-модулированный случайный процессAR1MA process АРПСС-процесс, процесс авторегрессии - проинтегрированного скользящего среднего, процесс Бокса-ДженкинсаARMA process АРСС-процесс, процесс смешанной авторегрессии - скользящего среднегоautoregressive - integrated moving average process процесс авторегрессии - проинтегрированного скользящего среднего, АРПСС-процесс, процесс Бокса-Дженкинсаautoregressive - moving average process процесс смешанной авторегрессии - скользящего среднегоbinary random process бинарный/дихотомический случайный процессBox-Jenkins process процесс Бокса-Дженкинса, процесс авторегрессии - проинтегрированного скользящего среднегоcompensator of a point process компенсатор m точечного процессаcompound Poisson process обобщенный/сложный пуассоновский процессcontrolled discrete (continuous) time process управляемый случайный процесс с дискретным (непрерывным) временемcontrolled Markov jump process управляв- мый марковский скачкообразный процессconvergence of random processs сходимость f случайных процессовCrump-Mode-Jagers process процесс Крампа-Моде-Ягерса, общий ветвящийся процессenergy of a Mariov process энергия f марковского процессаenvelope of a random process огибающая f случайного процессаexponential autoregressive process экспоненциальный авторегрессионный процессextension of a Markov process продолжение n марковского процессаextrapolation of a random process экстраполяция f / прогнозирование n случайного процессаfiltering of a random process фильтрация f случайного процессаindependent thinning of a point process независимое прореживание точечного процессаintensity of a point process интенсивность f точечного процессаkilling of a Markov process убивание n марковского процессаLevy system of а Mariov process система f Леви марковского процессаMariov process with а countable/denumerable state space марковский процесс со счетным числом состоянийMariov process with a finite state space марковский процесс с конечным множеством состоянийmultiparameter Wiener process многопараметрический винеровский процесс, вине-ровское полеmultiparameter Brownian motion process многопараметрический процесс броуновского движения, поле n Левиmultivariate Brownian motion process многомерный процесс броуновского движенияnonlinear filtering of a random process нелинейная фильтрация случайного процессаnonlinear prediction of a random process нелинейное прогнозирование случай- ного процессаoptimal stopping of a random process оптимальная остановка случайного процессаoptional process вполне измеримый процесс, опциональный процессoptional projection of а process опциональная проекция процесса, вполне измеримая проекция процессаorthogonal expansion of a random process ортогональное разложение случайного процессаpoint process with adjoint random variables точечный процесс с присоединенными случайными величинамиrandom process with independent increments случайный процесс с независимыми приращениямиspectrum of а process спектр m процессаstochastic process стохастический/случайный процессstochastically equivalent random processs стохастически эквивалентные случайные процессыtelegraph process телеграфный сигнал/процессtemporally homogeneous random process однородный по времени случайный процессthinning of а point process прореживание n точечного процессаtopological recurrent Markov process топологически возвратный марковский процессwell measurable process вполне измеримый процесс, опциональный процессwell measurable projection of a process вполне измеримая проекция процессаАнглийский-русский словарь по теории вероятностей, статистике и комбинаторике > process
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3 process
1. n1) процесс2) способ; метод3) технологический процесс; режим
- accounting process
- acquisition process
- adjustment process
- automated process
- averaging process
- bargaining process
- basic process
- branching process
- budgeting process
- capital intensive manufacturing process
- circular process
- complex process
- continuous process
- continuous flow process
- controlled process
- cumulative process
- current production process
- cyclic process
- data-generating process
- decision process
- decision-making process
- deterministic process
- due process of law
- earning process
- economical process
- energy-saving technological process
- engineering process
- evening-up process
- evolutionary process
- fabrication process
- feasible process
- finishing process
- flow process
- growth process
- immigration process
- improved process
- industrial process
- industrialization process
- industrially applicable process
- inflationary process
- innovation process
- labour process
- labour-intensive process
- launching process
- licensed process
- low-waste process
- manufacturing process
- material production process
- material-saving technological process
- money accumulation process
- multistage process
- operating process
- paperwork process
- patented process
- pilot process
- price calculating process
- price calculation process
- privatization process
- production process
- productive process
- random process
- renewal process
- replenishment process
- reproduction process
- reproductive process
- screening process
- search process
- service process
- stationary process
- storage process
- technological process
- time-dependent process
- waste-free technological process
- process of circulation
- process of creating value
- process of development
- process of manufacture
- process of manufacturing
- process of production
- be in the process of
- develop a process
- evaluate a process
- implement a process
- license a process
- master a process
- operate a process
- patent a process
- practise a process
- work out a process2. v1) обрабатывать, перерабатывать2) оформлять (документы)3) юр. возбуждать делоEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > process
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4 variable
1) переменная (величина) || переменный2) изменчивый3) изменяемый; варьируемый4) регулируемый•variable unrestricted in sign — переменная, не ограниченная в знаке
- absolutely integrable variable - anonymous free variable - complex free variable - complex random variable - discontinuous variable - discrete random variable - discrete variable variable - discrete variable - essentially free variable - excessive random variable - exchangeable random variables - generalized random variable - geometric random variable - infinitesimal random variable - jointly normal random variables - linguistic random variable - multinomial random variable - multinormal random variable - multiplicative random variable - mutually independent random variables - nonanticipative random variable - normed random variable - number variable - optimal stopping variable - orthonormal random variables - pairwise independent random variables - spatial variable - symmetrized random variable - two-state variable - two-valued variable - uniformly limited variableto separate variables — мат. разделять переменные
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5 function
1) функция, действие || функционировать; действовать- essential functions - routine function - safety-related functions2) функциональное назначение; роль- circuit function - intrinsic function - metering function - primary function - robot function - planning function - service function - support function4) функциональный узел ( машины)5) матем. функциональная зависимость, функция- absolutely additive function - absolutely bounded function - absolutely continuous function - absolutely integrable function - absolutely monotone function - absolutely summable function - absolutely symmetric function - almost complex function - almost continuous function - almost convex function - almost everywhere defined function - almost everywhere finite function - almost invariant function - almost periodic function - almost recursive function - almost separably-valued function - almost separating function - almost universal function - analytically independent function - analytically representable function - approximately differentiable function - asymptotically differentiable function - asymptotically finite function - asymptotically uniformly optimal function - bounded below function - cellwise continuous function - circumferentially mean p-valent function - comparison function - complementary error function - complete analytic function - completely additive function - completely computable function - completely monotone function - completely multiplicative function - completely productive function - completely subadditive function - completely symmetrical function - completely undefined function - complex hyperbolic function - conditional risk function - countably multiplicative function - countably valued function - covariant function - cumulative distribution function - cumulative frequency function - deficiency function - double limit function - doubly periodic function - doubly recursive function - effectively computable function - effectively constant function - effectively decidable function - effectively variable function - elementarily symmetric function - entire function of maximum type - entire function of mean type - entire function of potential type - entire function of zero type - entire rational function - essentially increasing function - essentially integrable function - essentially real function - essentially smooth function - everywhere differentiable function - everywhere smooth function - expansible function - explicitly definable function - exponentially convex function - exponentially decreasing function - exponentially increasing function - exponentially multiplicative function - exponentially vanishing function - finitely mean valent function - finitely measurable function - function of appropriate behavior - function of bounded characteristic - function of bounded type - function of bounded variation - function of complex variable - function of exponential type - function of finite genus - function of finite variation - function of fractional order - function of infinite type - function of integral order - function of maximal type - function of minimal type - function of mixed variables - function of normal type - function of number theory - function of one variable - function of rapid descent - function of rapid growth - function of real variable - general universal function - geometric carrier function - implicitly definable function - incomplete dibeta function - incomplete gamma function - incomplete tribeta function - incompletely defined function - inductively defined function - inductively integrable function - infinitely divisible function - infinitely many-valued function - integral logarithmic function - inverse trigonometric function - inverted beta function - iterative function - joint correlation function - joint density function - linearly separable function - locally bounded function - locally constant function - locally holomorphic function - locally homogeneous function - locally integrable function - locally negligible function - locally regular function - locally summable function - logarithmic generating function - logarithmic integral function - logarithmically infinite function - logarithmically plurisubharmonic function - logarithmically subharmonic function - lower semicontinuous function - monotone non-decreasing function - monotone non-increasing function - multiply periodic function - multiply recursive function - negative definite function - negative infinite function - nontangentially bounded function - normalized function - normed function - nowhere continuous function - nowhere differentiable function - nowhere monotonic function - n-times differentiable function - n-tuply periodic function - numeralwise expressible function - numeralwise representable function - numerical function - numerically valued function - oblate spheroidal function - operating characteristic function - optimal policy function - parametrically definable function - partially symmetric function - piecewise constant function - piecewise continuously differentiable function - piecewise linear function - piecewise monotonic function - piecewise polynomial function - piecewise quadratic function - piecewise regular function - piecewise smooth function - pointwise approximated function - positive homogeneous function - positive infinite function - positive monotone function - positive monotonic function - positive semidefinite function - potentially calculable function - potentially recursive function - power series function - probability generating function - quadratically summable function - rapidly damped function - rapidly decreasing function - rapidly oscillatory function - recursively continuous function - recursively convergent function - recursively defined function - recursively differentiable function - recursively divergent function - recursively extensible function - relative distribution function - relative frequency function - representing function - reproducing kernel function - residual function - residue function - scalarwise integrable function - scalarwise measurable function - sectionally smooth function - simply periodic function - singly recursive function - slowly increasing function - slowly oscillating function - slowly varying function - smoothly varying function - solid spherical harmonic function - solid zonal harmonic function - steadily increasing function - stopped random function - strictly convex function - strictly decreasing function - strictly increasing function - strictly integrable function - strictly monotone function - strongly differentiable function - strongly holomorphic function - strongly integrable function - strongly measurable function - strongly plurisubharmonic function - totally additive function - totally continuous function - totally measurable function - totally multiplicative function - totally positive function - triangular function - uniformly best decision function - uniformly bounded function - uniformly definable function - uniformly differentiable function - uniformly homotopic function - uniformly integrable function - uniformly limited function - uniformly measurable function - uniformly smooth function - unit step function - unitary divisor function - upper measurable function - upper semicontinuous function - weakly analytic function - weakly continuous function - weakly differentiable function - weakly holomorphic function - weakly measurable function - weakly singular function - weighted random functiondomain of a function — область определения функции, область изменения независимой переменной
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6 alloy
1) сплав || сплавлять2) легирующий элемент || легировать•- abrasion-resisting alloy
- acid-resistant alloy
- addition alloy
- age-hardening alloy
- aging alloy
- air-hardening alloy
- air-melted alloy
- alkali metal alloy
- alkaline earth alloy
- alkaline earth metal-aluminum alloy
- alkali-resistant alloy
- alkali-resisting alloy
- all-alpha alloy
- all-beta alloy
- alpha alloy
- alpha iron alloy
- alpha+beta alloy
- alpha-beta alloy
- alpha-phase alloy
- alpha-titanium alloy
- aluminum alloy of iron
- aluminum alloy
- aluminum casting alloy
- aluminum piston alloy
- aluminum-base alloy
- aluminum-bearing alloy
- aluminum-copper alloy
- aluminum-copper-magnesium alloy
- aluminum-copper-magnesium-nickel alloy
- aluminum-copper-silicon alloy
- aluminum-copper-silicon-magnesium alloy
- aluminum-magnesium alloy
- aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy
- aluminum-manganese alloy
- aluminum-manganese-magnesium alloy
- aluminum-nickel-iron alloy
- aluminum-silicon alloy
- aluminum-zinc-silicon alloy
- anticorrosion alloy
- antifriction alloy
- as-cast alloy
- austenitic alloy
- barium-aluminum alloy
- bearing alloy
- beryllium alloy of iron
- beryllium-copper alloy
- beryllium-copper-aluminum alloy
- beta alloy
- beta-phase alloy
- beta-titanium alloy
- binary alloy
- bismuth alloy
- body-centered cubic alloy
- boron-bearing alloy
- brass brazing alloy
- brazing alloy
- cadmium alloy
- cadmium-nickel alloy
- cadmium-silver alloy
- carbide-strengthened alloy
- carbon-bearing alloy
- carbon-free alloy
- cast alloy
- castable alloy
- casting alloy
- chrome alloy
- chrome-base alloy
- chrome-bearing alloy
- chrome-nickel alloy
- chromium-nickel-tungsten alloy
- chromium-rich alloy
- chromium-tantalum alloy
- chromium-titanium alloy
- chromium-tungsten-zirconium alloy
- chromium-yttrium alloy
- close-packed alloy
- cobalt alloy
- cobalt-base alloy
- cobalt-bearing alloy
- cobalt-chromium alloy
- cobalt-chromium-nickel alloy
- cobalt-chromium-tungsten-molybdenum alloy
- coinage alloy
- columbium alloy
- columbium-base alloy
- columbium-molybdenum-titanium alloy
- column's alloys
- commercial alloy
- complex alloy
- constant-modulus alloy
- constructional alloy
- controlled-expansion alloy
- copper alloy
- copper-base alloy
- copper-bearing alloy
- copper-free alloy
- copper-gold alloy
- copper-lead alloy
- copper-silver alloy
- copper-tin alloy
- copper-zinc alloy
- corrosion-resistant alloy
- corrosion-resisting alloy
- creep-resistant alloy
- cupronickel alloy
- die-casting alloy
- difficult-to-extrude alloy
- dilute alloy
- disordered alloy
- dispersion-hardened alloy
- dispersion-strengthened alloy
- ductile alloy
- duplex alloy
- electrically conductive alloy
- electrically superconducting alloy
- electrical-resistance alloy
- electrical-resistant alloy
- embrittlement-resistant alloy
- eutectic alloy
- eutectoid alloy
- extra-hard alloy
- extrahigh tensile alloy
- face-centered cubic alloy
- ferrite alloy
- ferromagnetic alloy
- ferrous alloy
- fine-grained alloy
- forging alloy
- foundry alloy
- four-component alloy
- four-part alloy
- free-cutting alloy
- free-machining alloy
- fusible alloy
- G.-P. zone alloy
- gamma-iron alloy
- gamma-phase alloy
- gold-base alloy
- graphitized alloy
- Guthrie's alloy
- hard alloy
- hard magnetic alloy
- hard superconducting alloy
- hard-facing alloy
- heat-resistant alloy
- heat-resisting alloy
- heat-sensitive alloy
- heat-treatable alloy
- heat-treated alloy
- heavy alloy
- heterogeneous alloy
- Heusler alloy
- hexagonal alloy
- high alloy
- high-carbon alloy
- high-chrome alloy
- high-cobalt alloy
- high-coercivity alloy
- high-damping alloy
- high-density alloy
- high-ductile alloy
- high-expansion alloy
- high-initial-permeability alloy
- high-melting alloy
- high-melting point alloy
- high-melting-temperature alloy
- high-nickel alloy
- high-permeability alloy
- high-resistance alloy
- high-strength alloy
- high-temperature alloy
- high-tensile alloy
- high-yield alloy
- homogeneous alloy
- homogenized alloy
- hot-strength alloy
- hypereutectic alloy
- hypereutectoid alloy
- hypoeutectic alloy
- hypoeutectoid alloy
- ignition alloy
- industrial alloy
- intermediate-strength alloy
- intermetallic alloy
- internally oxidized alloy
- iron alloy
- iron-aluminum-nickel alloy
- iron-bearing alloy
- iron-carbon alloy
- iron-chrome alloy
- iron-chromium-aluminum alloy
- iron-chromium-nickel alloy
- iron-cobalt alloy
- iron-cobalt-molybdenum alloy
- iron-cobalt-nickel alloy
- iron-cobalt-tungsten alloy
- iron-manganese alloy
- iron-nickel alloy
- iron-nickel-aluminum alloy
- iron-nickel-chromium alloy
- iron-nickel-cobalt alloy
- jet alloy
- lead alloy
- lead-antimony alloy
- lead-antimony-tin alloy
- lead-base alloy
- lead-bearing alloy
- lead-bismuth alloy
- lead-calcium alloy
- lead-tin alloy
- lean alloy
- Lichtenberg's alloy
- light alloy
- low alloy
- low-carbon alloy
- low-chrome alloy
- low-density alloy
- low-ductile alloy
- low-expansion alloy
- low-melting alloy
- low-nickel alloy
- low-permeability alloy
- low-quality alloy
- low-resistance alloy
- low-strength alloy
- low-temperature alloy
- low-tensile alloy
- low-yield alloy
- magnesium alloy
- magnesium-aluminum alloy
- magnesium-aluminum-zinc alloy
- magnesium-bearing alloy
- magnesium-manganese alloy
- magnesium-manganese-thorium alloy
- magnesium-thorium-zirconium alloy
- magnesium-zinc-zirconium alloy
- magnetic alloy
- magnetically hard alloy
- magnetically soft alloy
- master alloy
- medium alloy
- medium-carbon alloy
- medium-chrome alloy
- medium-nickel alloy
- medium-strength alloy
- memory alloy
- Mishima alloy
- molybdenum-titanium alloy
- multilayer brazing alloy
- multiphase alloy
- natural aging alloy
- nickel alloy
- nickel aluminide alloy
- nickel-base alloy
- nickel-based alloy
- nickel-cadmium alloy
- nickel-chrome-molybdenum alloy
- nickel-chromium alloy
- nickel-cobalt alloy
- nickel-copper alloy
- nickel-iron alloy
- nickel-molybdenum alloy
- nickel-molybdenum-iron alloy
- nickel-rich alloy
- nickel-silicon alloy
- noble metal alloy
- no-coolant alloy
- nonaging alloy
- noncorrosive alloy
- nonferrous metal alloy
- non-heat-treatable alloy
- nonmagnetic alloy
- nonordered alloy
- nonoxidizable alloy
- nonscaling alloy
- nonsparking alloy
- one-phase alloy
- ordered alloy
- oxidation-resistant alloy
- oxidation-resisting alloy
- palladium-silver alloy
- peritectic alloy
- peritectoid alloy
- permanent-magnet alloy
- phosphorous-copper alloy
- piston alloy
- plating alloy
- platinum alloy
- platinum-cobalt alloy
- platinum-metal alloy
- platinum-rhodium alloy
- plural-phase alloy
- polyphase alloy
- powder metallurgical alloy
- powder-brazing alloy
- precipitation hardening alloy
- preferred-orientation alloy
- preformed brazing alloy
- preliminary alloy
- process alloy
- pyrophoric alloy
- quasi-binary alloy
- quasi-eutectic alloy
- quasi-eutectoid alloy
- quaternary alloy
- quinary alloy
- random alloy
- random-orientation alloy
- rare-earth alloy
- rare-earth metal master alloy
- reduction alloy
- refractory alloy
- resistance alloy
- rich alloy
- Rose's alloy
- ruthenium-palladium alloy
- sand-cast alloy
- scale-resisting alloy
- self-fluxing brazing alloy
- semicommercial alloy
- semiconducting alloy
- shape memory alloy
- sheet alloy
- silicon alloy
- silicon-aluminum alloy
- silver brazing alloy
- single-phase alloy
- sintered alloy
- sintered hard alloy
- soft-magnetic alloy
- solder alloy
- solid solution alloy
- solution-treated alloy
- sparking alloy
- spelter-brazing alloy
- spring alloy
- stable alloy
- steam corrosion-resistant alloy
- steel alloy
- strain-hardened alloy
- structural alloy
- substitute alloy
- substitutional alloy
- superconducting alloy
- superconductive alloy
- superconductor alloy
- supercooled alloy
- superhard alloy
- superplastic alloy
- supersaturated alloy
- supersaturated substitutional alloy
- tailored alloy
- tantalum alloy of iron
- tantalum alloy
- tantalum-base alloy
- tantalum-tungsten alloy
- temperature compensation alloy
- ternary alloy
- thallium-lead alloy
- thermomagnetic alloy
- three-component alloy
- three-part alloy
- three-phase alloy
- tin-base alloy
- tin-bearing alloy
- titanium alloy
- titanium-aluminum-manganese alloy
- titanium-aluminum-molybdenum alloy
- titanium-aluminum-tin alloy
- titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy
- titanium-base alloy
- tough alloy
- transition alloy
- tungsten alloy
- two-component alloy
- two-phase alloy
- type-metal alloy
- unsaturated alloy
- untarnishable alloy
- vacuum alloy
- vacuum annealed alloy
- vacuum-arc-refining alloy
- vacuum-induction-melting alloy
- vacuum-remelted alloy
- virgin alloy
- wear-resistant alloy
- wear-resisting alloy
- welding alloy
- Wood's alloy
- work-hardening alloy
- wrought alloy
- zinc alloy
- zinc-aluminum alloy
- zinc-base alloy
- zinc-bearing alloy
- zinc-copper alloy
- zirconium alloy of ironEnglish-Russian dictionary of mechanical engineering and automation > alloy
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7 multidimensional
1) многоразмерный
2) многоаспектный
3) многомерный
4) получаемая соединением середин сторон многоугольника фигура ∙ multidimensional [multivariate] generalization ≈ многомерное обобщение multidimensional contingency table ≈ многомерная таблица сопряженности признаков multidimensional random variable ≈ многомерная случайная величина multidimensional time series ≈ временной ряд, зависящий от нескольких переменных - multidimensional alternative - multidimensional array - multidimensional case - multidimensional classification - multidimensional complex - multidimensional diffusion - multidimensional distribution - multidimensional equation - multidimensional field - multidimensional function - multidimensional geometry - multidimensional graph - multidimensional hypercube - multidimensional ideal - multidimensional kernel - multidimensional knot - multidimensional lattice - multidimensional machine - multidimensional matrix - multidimensional model - multidimensional orthogonality - multidimensional polynomial - multidimensional population - multidimensional prediction - multidimensional probability - multidimensional problem - multidimensional process - multidimensional quantity - multidimensional response - multidimensional saddle - multidimensional scaling - multidimensional space - multidimensional sphere - multidimensional spline - multidimensional surface - multidimensional system - multidimensional topology( специальное) многомерный имеющий широкий круг интересов - * engineer инженер широкого профиля многоаспектныйБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > multidimensional
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8 variable
переменная ( величина); параметр-
analog variable
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apparent variable
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array variable
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automatic variable
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auxiliary variable
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binary variable
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Boolean variable
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bound variable
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chance variable
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character variable
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complex variable
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conjugate variables
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controlled variable
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decision variable
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dependent variable
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dual variable
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dummy variable
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error variable
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fictitious variable
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file variable
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free variable
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global variable
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grinder-temperature variable
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independent variable
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input variable
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integer variable
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integration variable
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label variable
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local variable
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loop variable
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metalinguistic variable
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meteorological variable
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output variable
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phase variable
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pointer variable
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process variable
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random variable
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real variable
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scalar variable
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setup variable
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shared variable
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simple variable
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slack variable
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state variable
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static variable
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status variable
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stochastic variable
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switching variable
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switch variable
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system variable
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thermal variable
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thermal-energy variables
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thermodynamic variable
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unbound variable -
9 variable
1) переменный
2) изменяемый
3) переменная
4) <engin.> варьируемый
5) регулируемый
6) изменчивый
7) величина
– binary variable
– boolean variable
– bound variable
– cause variable
– change of variable
– character variable
– chnage variable
– combined variable
– complex variable
– concomitant variable
– controlled variable
– demand variable
– dependent variable
– diagnostic variable
– dual variable
– dummy variable
– eclipsing variable
– effect variable
– environment variable
– fault-identifying variable
– flare variable
– independent variable
– input variable
– integration variable
– machine variable
– manipulated variable
– marker variable
– measured variable
– missing variable
– object variable
– objective variable
– operate on variable
– output variable
– pointer variable
– problem variable
– process variable
– random variable
– real variable
– regression on one variable
– separable variable
– standardized variable
– state variable
– stochastic variable
– string variable
– unrestricted variable
– variable ballast
– variable capacitor
– variable eccentric
– variable factor
– variable focus
– variable folder
– variable geometry
– variable inductance
– variable lubricator
– variable modulation
– variable motion
– variable quantity
– variable radix
– variable resistance
– variable resistor
– variable scale
– variable star
– variable sweep
– variable transformer
discrete variable capacitor — <tech.> конденсатор переменной емкости дискретный
method of separation of variable — метод разделения переменных
uniformly variable rotation — равномерно переменное вращение
variable current transformer — трансформатор переменного тока
variable frequency oscillator — генератор плавного диапазона
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10 system
1) система || системный3) вчт операционная система; программа-супервизор5) вчт большая программа6) метод; способ; алгоритм•system halted — "система остановлена" ( экранное сообщение об остановке компьютера при наличии серьёзной ошибки)
- CPsystem- H-system- h-system- hydrogen-air/lead battery hybrid system- Ksystem- Lsystem- L*a*b* system- master/slave computer system- p-system- y-system- Δ-system -
11 sophisticated
•• sophisticated, sophistication
•• Sophisticated having or showing worldly knowledge or experience; complex or intricate, as a system or process (The Random House Dictionary).
•• Много лет назад я услышал песню Дюка Эллингтона Sophisticated Lady. И никак не мог подобрать подходящего слова по-русски. Что же это за женщина такая? Словари предлагают разные варианты – утонченная, искушенная, изощренная и т.д. Все не то. Я пробовал и другие варианты – опытная, рафинированная? Тоже не то. Некоторое время мне казался удачным перевод элегантная леди. В конце концов пришел к выводу, что в заимствованное из английского языка слово леди русский человек вообще вкладывает те самые оттенки значения, которые есть в слове sophisticated (определение в Oxford American Dictionary: characteristic of fashionable life and ways, experienced in this and lacking natural simplicity). И стал переводить это название Настоящая леди (правда, предлагался – на основе того же толкования – и такой перевод: Тонкая штучка, но мне он кажется вульгарным).
•• Теперь более серьезно об этом слове. Помимо первого значения у него есть и другое (complicated, elaborate). В словаре The Synonym Finder by J.I. Rodale находим и такие синонимы: advanced, very modern, latest, highly developed, fancy, excellent (относится к machinery and equipment).
•• Но вот недавно встретился в журнале National Interest такой текст: NATO... can be seen as an unusually sophisticated system of military protectorates. И дальше: These institutions [the IMF, the World Bank, etc.] can be seen as an unusually sophisticated system of economic organization from an imperial center. Думаю, ни изощренная (система), ни сложная, ни разветвленная здесь не подходит. В русском языке есть не всегда легко передающееся по-английски слово продуманный. Думаю, что оно на месте именно здесь (и хорошо соответствует глубинному смыслу этого значения английского слова): необычайно (тонко) продуманная система военных протекторатов в первом случае и экономической организации из имперского центра во втором. Оказывается, аналогичные варианты перевода могут быть оптимальными и в других случаях: Sophisticated search techniques would be required to locate faint objects (Space Handbook). – Для поиска слабо светящихся объектов потребуются сложные/более сложные/тщательно разработанные методы.
•• Интересный пример из газеты Guardian: It is useful to have a closer look at the sophistication of U.S. republicans as they go through the caucuses and primaries by which they choose their Presidential nominee. Слово sophistication в данном случае означает осведомленность и (по смыслу статьи) уровень мышления и даже серьезность (см. статью серьезный в русской части словаря). Technological sophistication spelled superiority in the military sphere (W. Murray). – Высокий уровень технологий обеспечивал превосходство в военной сфере. Еще интересный пример аналогичного плана: ...greater sophistication among working people about the relationship between their income and the growth of their companies (Bill Clinton, quoted in Business Week). Здесь можно сказать: ...более высокий уровень понимания рабочими...
•• Webster’s Third New International Dictionary дает и еще одно, сравнительно редкое значение – devoid of the obvious traditional or popular appeal (a sophisticated novel). Это, по-видимому, заумный роман.
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12 sophistication
•• sophisticated, sophistication
•• Sophisticated having or showing worldly knowledge or experience; complex or intricate, as a system or process (The Random House Dictionary).
•• Много лет назад я услышал песню Дюка Эллингтона Sophisticated Lady. И никак не мог подобрать подходящего слова по-русски. Что же это за женщина такая? Словари предлагают разные варианты – утонченная, искушенная, изощренная и т.д. Все не то. Я пробовал и другие варианты – опытная, рафинированная? Тоже не то. Некоторое время мне казался удачным перевод элегантная леди. В конце концов пришел к выводу, что в заимствованное из английского языка слово леди русский человек вообще вкладывает те самые оттенки значения, которые есть в слове sophisticated (определение в Oxford American Dictionary: characteristic of fashionable life and ways, experienced in this and lacking natural simplicity). И стал переводить это название Настоящая леди (правда, предлагался – на основе того же толкования – и такой перевод: Тонкая штучка, но мне он кажется вульгарным).
•• Теперь более серьезно об этом слове. Помимо первого значения у него есть и другое (complicated, elaborate). В словаре The Synonym Finder by J.I. Rodale находим и такие синонимы: advanced, very modern, latest, highly developed, fancy, excellent (относится к machinery and equipment).
•• Но вот недавно встретился в журнале National Interest такой текст: NATO... can be seen as an unusually sophisticated system of military protectorates. И дальше: These institutions [the IMF, the World Bank, etc.] can be seen as an unusually sophisticated system of economic organization from an imperial center. Думаю, ни изощренная (система), ни сложная, ни разветвленная здесь не подходит. В русском языке есть не всегда легко передающееся по-английски слово продуманный. Думаю, что оно на месте именно здесь (и хорошо соответствует глубинному смыслу этого значения английского слова): необычайно (тонко) продуманная система военных протекторатов в первом случае и экономической организации из имперского центра во втором. Оказывается, аналогичные варианты перевода могут быть оптимальными и в других случаях: Sophisticated search techniques would be required to locate faint objects (Space Handbook). – Для поиска слабо светящихся объектов потребуются сложные/более сложные/тщательно разработанные методы.
•• Интересный пример из газеты Guardian: It is useful to have a closer look at the sophistication of U.S. republicans as they go through the caucuses and primaries by which they choose their Presidential nominee. Слово sophistication в данном случае означает осведомленность и (по смыслу статьи) уровень мышления и даже серьезность (см. статью серьезный в русской части словаря). Technological sophistication spelled superiority in the military sphere (W. Murray). – Высокий уровень технологий обеспечивал превосходство в военной сфере. Еще интересный пример аналогичного плана: ...greater sophistication among working people about the relationship between their income and the growth of their companies (Bill Clinton, quoted in Business Week). Здесь можно сказать: ...более высокий уровень понимания рабочими...
•• Webster’s Third New International Dictionary дает и еще одно, сравнительно редкое значение – devoid of the obvious traditional or popular appeal (a sophisticated novel). Это, по-видимому, заумный роман.
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